Direct Peer-to-Peer Networks
Seamless, Fast Handover Radio Networking
Direct Peer-to-Peer mode (DPP) is one of two operating modes supported by IEEE 802.16t. This mode supports communication between DPP radios with no base station infrastructure. If two remote radios are in range of each other, they can use direct communication. If however two DPP remote radios are not in range, a DPP relay is used in order to extend the range of communication by acting as an "intermediate" radio to relay messages between radios.
DPP employs Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) for channel access and transmission of a DPP radio is not scheduled by a central entity. CSMA/CA is a simple channel access mechanism that helps avoid packet collision.
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The DPP air interface protocol is connectionless - there is no connection establishment and maintenance. This enables DPP mode to have a very fast handover time between radios as compared to other connection-oriented protocols. This reduces latency and makes DPP ideal for time-sensitive applications.
DPP mode is frequently used to establish local area networks between locations or vehicles. In the railroad industry, Master-Remote Interlockings and Wireless DAX / UAX are applications that benefit from DPP mode.
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Key Benefits of DPP Networks
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Simplified Infrastructure
With no need for a base station, DPP reduces complexity and lowers the cost of deployment, especially in remote or mobile environments.
Highly Scalable Connectivity
DPP's relay capability ensures that connectivity can be extended across large areas without the need for additional base stations, making it ideal for expanding networks.
Extremely Low Latency for
Critical Applications
DPP is ideal for industries like railroads, energy, and public safety, where reliable, real-time communication is critical.
Direct Peer-to-Peer (DPP) Compared to
Point-to-Multipoint (PtMP) Networks
While IEEE 802.16t Point-to-MultiPoint (PtMP) requires a centralized base station to manage communication, DPP allows direct, peer-to-peer communication without an intermediary base station. This makes DPP a more flexible option in certain use cases.
PtMP
Best for wide-area, fixed infrastructure like smart grids and rail operations.
DPP
Ideal for smaller-scale, mobile networks like field teams or temporary installations.
